This paper is an adaptation of an
earlier one I delivered on the Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV) National Radio
Station on the 7.30 prime time national
radio news programme of the 19th of November 2004. This paper was one of
hundreds of political chronicles I delivered on the news programme from 2002 to
2005.
Man, know thyself
Does the SCNC, the popular
appellation given to the `Southern Cameroons National Council`, exist? If it
exists, is it feasting or is it grieving? Is it balanced or is it reeling? Is
it futuristic or is it moribund and a spent force. In other words, has it
become an organ that has outlived its usefulness and is today only a shadow of
its old self? In short, has the SCNC become a thing of the past?
My name is legion for we are many
If after reading the above questions you feel
they are too many, then that is just what this is all about because many
questions need to be asked about the organization so that it can step forward
and say exactly who it is and what precisely is its mission here on earth and
even thereafter beyond. On the surface, the SCNC professes to be a force aimed
at righting a wrong done to the imaginary territory it calls its own. The
organization states that “La République du Cameroun” which is the
French-speaking part of today’s Cameroon, came into “an unholy union” with the
English-speaking Southern Cameroons with the result that today, the Southern
Cameroons are engulfed, swallowed up, downtrodden and reduced to second-class
citizens.
Point of divergence
The bone of contention here is that in the
plebiscite that was organized by the UN ostensibly to determine the fate of the
Southern Cameroons which had been made a British Trust Territory, there was a
serious omission in the sense that the option of the Southern Cameroon’s
standing on its and being self-governing was not allowed. We call the territory
“imaginary” because once the results of the plebiscite were universally
recognized, the new dispensation came into effect with the two “Cameroons” officially
recognized as being united. Subsequently, the French speaking State of Cameroon
was set up alongside the English-speaking State of West Cameroon. The two
structures were superimposed by the Federal State of Cameroon. Ever since the
new structures were put in place, the international community has recognized
Cameroon and treated it as a single country. That is why the country offices of
United Nations bodies are located in Yaoundé, the national capital and nowhere
else. These include the national bases of bodies such as UNESCO, the UNFPF,
WHO, IMF, World Bank, UNIDO, ILO and the FAO. International NGOs are also
located in Yaounde. These include the International Red Cross and Red Crescent,
Habitat, Sight Savers, Plan International, and the WWF, to name some. In
addition, it is in Yaounde that diplomatic missions are based. These include
the major ones such as those of the USA, France, the United Kingdom, Germany,
Japan, China, Spain, Portugal the Republic of South Africa and Israel. Letters
of Credence of foreign Ambassadors accredited to Yaounde are duly received by
Paul Biya in his capacity as President of the Republic. When foreign
dignitaries visit the country from any of the above institutions or countries,
they are again, received by Paul Biya in his capacity as President of the
Republic and the guests treat him as such. At no time are any of these
activities associated with a territory called “The Southern Cameroons”. So the
proponents of the Southern Cameroons really must look themselves in the eye and
tell themselves the truth.
On turning back the clock
It is true, as some say, that “fates
were sealed” when leaders of the Southern Cameroons met with the then President
of French-speaking Cameroon, Ahmadou Ahidjo, in the west cultural town of Foumban
in 1961, and were “fooled” into compromising the destiny of the Southern
Cameroons. But strictly speaking, that was then and this is now. A lot of water
has flown under the bridge and so while advocates of the Southern Cameroons
remain entrenched in their position, the rest of the world is moving on. Stakes
have changed and the scenario is no longer the same. So if members of that
school of thought do not wake themselves from slumber they may find that the
train has taken off without them and they are left behind with the grass
growing under their feet.
Just wishful thinking?
Supporters
of the Southern Cameroons thesis say they want the Southern Cameroons territory
to be restored to its “rightful owners”. Fine and good. But who will restore it
to them? There is a saying that power is grabbed, not given. Besides, the
United Nations is not in the business of breaking up countries. However,
history is replete with cases of the United Nations having to recognize those
who have forcefully taken up arms and fought their way to autonomy. But that is
not the case with the Southern Cameroons leaders. They have proved to be solid
on three points: one, talk; two, talk; and three, talk. So there is much talk
and no action. In that case, they are like toothless dogs that bark but move no
one. An in any case, it is said that even when the dog barks, its bark is
really not might, but fright.
Unequal show of strength
Even so, if the Southern Cameroons were to
start a war, it is very unlikely that they would win it. Their claim, that it
is they who are neighbours to the South with Nigeria and not “La République” is
flawed because if they think Nigeria would support them in a war against “La
République”, then that confidence is questionable for two reasons. The first is
that Nigeria has learned first hand what the ravages of a civil war can be,
after fighting and surviving the Nigerian-Biafran Civil War of some four
decades ago. The country made colossal losses in human and material terms to
the extent that today, Nigerians look back at the war as a terrible nightmare
they would rather forget. The other reason for Nigeria’s reluctance to enter a
war against Yaounde is that just like Yaounde, Abuja has very strong ties with
Paris which they are not prepared to sacrifice. Today, French is the de facto
second official language in Nigeria, after English. Besides, French investment
in Nigeria is very significant. The volume of trade between Nigeria and France
is so heavy that it surpasses that with some traditional Francophone African
countries.
France is both here and there
For those who do not know it, France
will not relent on its efforts to “capture” Nigeria and bring it into its fold.
For one thing, Nigeria is an indisputable giant in Africa South of the Sahara.
As such, the country can be a very strategic partner for France. Furthermore,
straddled between Francophone countries to the east, west and north, France
would very much want to use Nigeria as a stepping stone and a buffer state when
it comes to its former territories with which it already enjoys good relations.
It must be understood that as a nation, France is a sensitive country to which
friendship is paramount. That is why today, Africa’s lone Spanish-speaking
country, Equatorial Guinea, is virtually a Francophone country. It has joined
the CFA franc zone and embraced the French language to the extent that the
language is gaining more and more ground in that country. As a matter of fact,
when this writer while in Malabo some years ago asked the Equato-Guinean
Minister of State in Charge of External Relations whether Madrid was not
offended by the growing ties with Paris, the minister was categorical. He
replied: “To be honest with you, what we have gained from France in ten years,
we never gained from Spain since independence. So if we had to choose between
France and Spain, we would choose France.”
Britain? Count them out
The SCNC will be making a monumental
error if it thinks the British will support its separatist ambitions. British
colonial policy was such that once they left a territory, they left with the
little they had and never came back. It was as if on leaving they shook the
dust off their feet and said: “God riddance”. That is why in Britain, when
someone introduces himself as coming from Cameroon, the first reaction of the
British person is: “So, you speak French?” That is because many of them are
ignorant or simply do not care that their country once had ties with Cameroon.
Also, unlike the French, the British are not good at wooing and keeping
friends. That is why higher education is very expensive for foreign students in
Britain. Yet many foreign students are from the so-called (poor) Third World
countries which are known for their high rate of poverty. Britain charges the
foreign student at least six times what the same student is charged in France.
Some observers have even asserted that Britain is blatantly and callously
milking foreign students dry in order to remain fat.
Building on a porous foundation
The problem is that the approach and
strategy chosen by the SCNC are porous. Firstly, the SCNC has always been
imbued with a confidence which although praiseworthy, is unfortunately not
backed by any solid courage. The pressure group wants autonomy but is not
prepared to stand the heat that comes with it. In fact, its approach reminds
one of the legendary mice who agreed it was necessary to bell the cat so that
whenever it was nearby, they would be warned by the ringing bell and then
escape. The plan was hailed by all the mice present but when the key question was
asked as to who exactly would bell the cat, no one was willing to do it. As a
result the plan flopped for want of implementation. As such, the SCNC appears
to be knowingly or unknowingly practising the counterproductive strategy of the
ostrich which when confronted by an adversary, buries its head in the sand and
thinks it has hidden itself.
The empror`s “naked” clothes
The SCNC seems to be suffering from
political inexperience. Some years ago, it despatched some of its members to
the United Nations Headquarters in New York. On their way back to Cameroon,
they stopped over in London to brief their brethren in the United Kingdom. They
triumphantly toasted victory. When asked concretely what they had achieved at
the United Nations, they had nothing to show. Their only victory was the fact
that they had been received and listened to by someone. But the United National
headquarters is a public office where anyone can be received. A couple of years
back, the SCNC boasted that it had taken its case to an international
Dakar-based arbitration body. But then, apart from the fact that the body in
question does not have the powers to enforce a decision on any country, it
contented itself with advising the SCNC to create a political party and work
from within it. Surely that was not what the SCNC had expected. Today, the
pressure group (because that is what it really is) is more divided than ever
before. It is in factions, splintered and maimed.
The golden opportunity
Leaders of the SCNC missed a golden
opportunity about a decade ago when they failed to support Ni John Fru Ndi in
his bid to become President of the Republic of Cameroon. If the grievances of
the SCNC really and truly hinge on the fact of Anglophone marginalization, then
one wonders why they did not threw in their weight behind the Anglophone Fru
Ndi when he came into prominence and nearly beat incumbent Paul Biya to become
President of Cameroon. That was some ten years ago, yet since Fru Ndi’s party,
the SDF, came into prominence over a decade ago, it has remained the country’s
unchallenged leading opposition party. So is it too late for the SCNC to come
clean, swallow its pride and support the SDF Chairman, especially now that the
SDF is still the only opposition party likely to topple Paul Biya? Well, it’s
up to the SCNC.
Wanting in compassion
There is another point on which the SCNC has
faltered, or at least not lived up to expectations. It is that of showing that
although it is not yet in power, it cares for the people it claims to lead.
When the Lake Nyos exploded in 1986 claiming human lives and property to a
disturbing extent, the SCNC was mute. At least it did not step forward; it did
not come centre-stage to offer relief. When the Mount Cameroon exploded, the
SCNC was not seen leaping into action. Apart from loving the sound of its own
voice, the SCNC has not spearheaded any help schemes for any segment of
society. It has not offered any poverty relief schemes for the people such as
housing, health care, education, rural development or poverty reduction.
Although it claims that Bakassi is its own, it stepped aside and let Paul Biya
do all the hard work that was involved in the territory being declared
Cameroon’s by the International Court at The Hague. The SCNC must realize that
in order to succeed it needs to match words with action, rhetoric with deeds.
Diachronic perspective or synchronic
cut?
I have personally always been
puzzled by the historical cut off point they SCNC has chosen. Why specifically
the period of the Southern Cameroons? Why not the period when the French and
English territories were one, under the Germans? Why not even the period when
Anglophone Cameroon was governed as the semi-autonomous State of West Cameroon?
The latter period is the one I personally knew and can remember today because
it coincides with the time of my being born and growing up. So, I would not
cast my vote for a distant Southern Cameroons which I know little about. I
leave that to my parents and grand parents. That was their era, not mine.
The bottom line
Having said that, I believe there is
an Anglophone problem in the country. But I also believe it can be solved
through inclusion, not exclusion. The present era in Cameroon is ours; that is,
that of my generation. Unlike our parents who schooled in Nigeria and to a
lesser extent, Britain, we are the generation that aimed at entering the
Federal Bilingual College and later on studied at the University of Yaounde. We
studied alongside our francophone brothers and sisters. Today we work alongside
them in the same offices and sit on the same committees at the National
Assembly. We are increasingly speaking or at least understanding the other
official language. Our children have taken the struggle even further. To
understand the point, we only have to look at the number of French-speaking
children who are flooding into the typically Anglo-Saxon schools throughout the
national territory. They are quickly improving their English while their French
remains in tact.
So where do we go from here?
Honestly, when a team is not performing well,
the coach has to reconsider his line-up. He may have to change his strategy.
Whether the changes he makes are drastic and far-reaching or they are cosmetic
and therefore mere window dressing, it is up to him. But At the end of the day,
he will be held responsible for the result. At the end of the day, what we want
is the greatest good of the greatest number.
